If the main interest for traffic analysis is traffic entering and exiting the local network, then a passive sniffer positioned in parallel with the network gateway would provide the best insight. Passive sniffing is also possible on some switches that have a SPAN or mirror port a special port to which all traffic is intentionally copied, by connecting the sniffer to this mirrored port. On networks where repeater hubs are used this means capturing all hubbed traffic. Passive Sniffing places a host s network interface into promiscuous mode, which means it captures everything it sees, including traffic addressed to other hosts. Hubbed networks count on the attached systems ignoring the repeated traffic that isn t addressed to them. However, on a network hub, sometimes termed a repeater hub, the network communications of all systems attached to the hub are copied to each system on the hub. On a switched network, once communications begin between two hosts, their traffic is isolated by the switch to the physical link between the hosts.
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Only the host with the desired IP address should respond to the ARP request, sending a reply that supplies its network interface s unique MAC address. ARP is an example of broadcast traffic that is traffic sent to all hosts on that switch or hub. When one host needs to communicate with another system it sends out an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) broadcast to all hosts on its subnet to determine whether one owns the destination IP address.
In particular, the difference between a switched network and a hub-based network plays a major role in what traffic is visible to the sniffer.
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This system s hostname is: VTE-Launchpad and its IP address is Carnegie Mellon UniversityĢ 1 Setting up the packet sniffer applications In determining how to set up a network sniffer, the topography and type of the network are key considerations. This system s hostname is: Powell and its IP address is A Windows Server 2003 launchpad system that will allow you to remotely access and analyze the traffic between the servers above. This system s hostname is: Franks and its IP address is A Linux system, running Webmin, a web-based Linux administration tool.
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It is available for download from Your lab environment consists of 3 virtual computer systems: 1. It is open-source and runs on most popular computing platforms, including UNIX, Linux, and Windows. Tcpdump is commonly included in most Linux distributions and can also be obtained from Wireshark is the most widely used graphical application for network monitoring and analysis. It captures packets based on a wide range user-specified criteria, and can save the traffic in different formats. In this lab, you will use several popular open-source applications to examine network traffic: Tcpdump is the most widely used UNIX/Linux tool to record network traffic.
Because attackers use sniffers for network reconnaissance and to intercept transmitted credentials and data, learning about the capabilities and limitations of packet sniffers is an important facet of understanding the security risks. 1 Packet Sniffing with Wireshark and Tcpdump Capturing, or sniffing, network traffic is invaluable for network administrators troubleshooting network problems, security engineers investigating network security issues, developers debugging communication protocol implementations, or anyone trying to learn how their networks work.
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